This computational fluid dynamic analysis attempts to simulate the incompressible steady fluid flow and heat transfer in a solar air channel with wall-mounted baffles. Two ꞌ Sꞌ-shaped baffles, having different orientations, i. e., ꞌ Sꞌ-upstream and ꞌ Sꞌ-downstream, were inserted into the channel and fixed to the top and bottom walls of the channel in a periodically staggered manner to develop vortices to improve the mixing and consequently the heat transfer. The analyses are conDucted with the Commercial CFD software FLUENT using the finite volume method for Reynolds number varying from 12, 000 to 32, 000. The numerical results are presented in terms of streamlines, velocity-magnitude, x-velocity, y-velocity, dynamic pressure coefficient, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent viscosity, turbulent intensity, temperature field, coefficient and factor of normalized skin friction, local and average numbers of normalized Nusselt, and thermal performance factor. The insertion of the S-shaped baffles in the channel not only causes a much high friction loss, f/f0 = 3. 319-32. 336, but also provides a considerable augmentation in the thermal transfer rate in the channel, Nu/Nu0 = 1. 939-4. 582, depending on the S-baffle orientations and the Reynolds number. The S-upstream baffle provides higher friction loss and heat transfer rate than the S-Downstream around 56. 443 %, 55. 700 %, 54. 972 %, 54. 289 % and 53. 660 %; and 25. 011 %, 23. 455 %, 21. 977 %, 20. 626 %, and 19. 414 % for Re = 12, 000, 17, 000, 22, 000, 27, 000, and 32, 000, respectively. In addition, the result analysis shows that the optimum thermal performance factor is around 1. 513 at the highest Reynolds number and S-downstream.

In this paper, numerical 3D simulation of viscoelastic developing flow in a Rectangular Duct with the nonlinear constitutive equation was considered.So far, researchers have focused on the fully developed zone. In these cases, the effects of entrance region of flow and changes in important quantities of developing flow were neglected. Therefore three-dimensional modeling of the entrance region is an innovation of this work. For modeling the stress term, PTT constitutive equation which is one of the most perfect models was used. It should be noted that, the Oldroyd conditions was ingratiated and secondary flow has been simulated.Considering three-dimensionality of the solution domain as well as the dependency and nonlinearity of equations, artificial compressibility explicit method and staggered grid for solving the equations is purposed.The result is in good agreement with the others reported in the fully developed region.

The use of afterburner in turbine engines increases the temperature of the exhaust nozzle, and this temperature increase necessitates the cooling of the nozzle components. This research discusses the analysis and optimization of the cooling system for the circular-to-Rectangular transition Duct at the inlet of the nozzle, utilizing a combined film and impingement cooling method. To more accurately achieve the optimal geometric model for three blowing ratios of 0.5, 1, and 1.5, effective parameters have been identified using the experimental design method. The simulation results indicate that the optimized geometries for all three blowing ratios of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 feature three rows of film cooling. Also, the two parameters of the film cooling hole diameter and the number of film cooling rows have the greatest effect on increasing the cooling efficiency. In the Blowing ratio of 1.5, by increasing the diameter of the film cooling holes and the number of cooling rows, the cooling efficiency has increased by 32 and 33%, respectively. Also, in the Blowing ratio of 0.5 and 1.5 blowing, the cooling efficiency increased from 0 to 20 degrees, and the cooling efficiency decreased from about 20 degrees onwards. In the blowing ratio of 1, the cooling efficiency increased from 0 to 30 degrees, and the cooling efficiency decreased from about 30 degrees onwards.

The study's goal is to create a radiator-like device with fixed Rectangular Duct winglets that circulate glycerol/water fluids with varying concentrations of copper oxide Nanofluids for improved heat transfer and cooling performance under all working situations. Hot water enters the Rectangular Duct at one end, while the cooling working fluid enters at the other. The findings of the experiment are compared with the computational fluid dynamics model of Rectangular Duct-winglets for glycerol/water, glycerol/water of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and O.4% weight of copper oxide Nanofluids working fluids at a flow rate of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.3 liters per minute. The findings demonstrated that the magnetohydrodynamics effect, which is based on the radiation parameter, increased as the flow through a region's heat transfer, causing a higher temperature and pressure drop in the glycerol/water-0.3% weight Copper oxide Nanofluids at 0.3 L/min flow rate. The results of the experimental for glycerol/water with 0.3% wt Copper oxide Nanofluids at 0.3 L/min flow rate showed that the pressure and temperature drop at Reynolds number 5400 were 19.8 kPa and 9.8 °C with its relevant friction factor and Nusselt’s number 0.0113 and 12.97 respectively.

In this research, in order to investigate the effect of the piezoelectric patch which is used as a sensor or actuator in rotating flexible structures such as a helicopter blade, the free vibrations of the rotating Rectangular sheet with and without the piezoelectric patch have been presented. First-order shear deformation theory is considered for plate displacement and piezoelectric field. Considering the effect of Coriolis acceleration, centrifugal acceleration and centrifugal in-plane forces, the equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle and the electromechanical couple equation is obtained from Maxwell's equation. For piezoelectric, two electrical conditions, open circuit and closed circuit, which are used in sensors and actuators, respectively, have been considered. The equations are discretized with the help of the numerical method of generalized differential squares and the matrices of inertia mass, eccentricity, Coriolis and stiffness matrix are obtained. Natural frequency values for beam and rotating plate have been compared in Abaqus software. Also, the values obtained from the numerical solution in MATLAB have been verified with articles and ABAQUS, which have high accuracy. The effect of parameters such as hub radius, rotation speed, sheet thickness, aspect ratio, piezoelectric patch thickness and applied voltage on the natural frequency of the system has also been investigated.

In the present paper, mixed convection of TiO2-water nanofluid in a laminar flow within a vertical Rectangular Duct is investigated numerically. A single phase and a two phase method is applied to simulate nanoparticles dispersion in the base fluid. An Euler-Lagrange approach is employed to track particles individually. In this approach, the base fluid is assumed to be a continuous phase while the particles are dispersed through it. The presence of particles in the base fluid is modeled as a source term in the momentum and energy equations. Governing equations are discretized using Control Volume based Finite Element Method (CVFEM). Effects of nanoparticles concentration, particles size, aspect ratio of cross section, asymmetrical boundary condition and buoyancy on the hydrodynamics and thermal parameters are presented and discussed. It is observed that increasing nanoparticles concentration enhances heat transfer rate and this enhancement is more considerable in higher aspect ratios. Also, at smaller values of Richardson number (Ri) where the effect of forced convection is more than natural convection, dispersion of nanoparticles in the base fluid improves heat transfer rate more considerably. Whilst an improvement in convective heat transfer is shown to be more than 6.5% at Ri=0.5, it does not exceed 4% at Ri=5.

Ejaculatory Duct obstruction (EDO) underlies 1-5% of male infertility, although the diagnosis of EDO can be complex, treatment is well established and can be very effective.Part of reason that this condition probably is underdiagnosed, is because of its rarity, subtle presentation and the concomitantly low index of suspicion held by physicians.The causes of EDO are divided into congenital and acquired disorders. Clinically, EDO classically presents as hematospermia, painful ejaculation, or infertility.In the past decade, trans rectal ultrasound (TRUS) has replaced vasography as the main stay of diagnosis. Several adjunctive techniques now have been described for diagnosis of EDO, including seminal vesicle aspiration, seminal vesiculography, vesicle chromotubation.The time- tested treatment for EDO is resection of the ejaculatory Ducts (TUR-ED), which is performed in an outpatient setting, and the technique combines cystourethroscopy with resection of the verumontanum in the midline.Complications from TUR-ED occur in 10-20% of the cases, and include watery ejaculate, hematuria, epididimitis, seminal vasculitis and low risk of incontinence or rectal perforation.

Background and Objective: Normal sexual differentiation occurs in the 6th embryonic week and in a normal embryonic life. Both wolffian and mullerian Ducts are present until the onset of sexual differentiation. Normal sexual differentiation is directed by the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY). Secretion of mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) by sertoli cells results in regression of the mullerian Duct in males. Any disruption of orderly steps in sexual differentiation may be reflected clinically as variants of the intersexes syndromes. One of the rarest forms of these syndromes is Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome (PMDS). This syndrome is caused by lack of regression and development of mullerian system and formation of female genital tract including uterus, fallopian tubes and two thirds of upper part of vaginal in male. While bilateral cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia and infertility are usually associated with this syndrome, external genital organs are normal. The diagnosis is usually made in the first years of life. Case Report: The presented case, a 71-year-old man, admitted to the surgical ward of Ali-ebn-Abitalib Hospital in Rafsanjan was diagnosed with a large right inguinal hernia. Physical examination of external genital tract was normal. The findings at operation were as follows: the uterus was attached to spermatic cord in the internal ring. Hysterectomy was done. Orchiectomy was also performed due to severe adhesion of the uterus to spermatic cord and rupture of the spermatic vessels. Pathologic examination of the resected tissues confirmed the diagnosis of PMDS.Conclusion: This syndrome is typically diagnosed by cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia during early years of life. Infertility is also a common finding in this syndrome. Although, there are a number of diagnostic procedures including sonography for detection of PMDS, this syndrome is almost recognised through operations casual. Rarity of PMDS and also unusual findings regarding this case including old age, the absence of infertility and cryptorchidism were the reasons for reporting this case.